The Republic of Djibouti is situated at the Horn of Africa in Eastern Africa. Djibouti shares its border with Eritrea in the north, Ethiopia in the west and south, and Somalia in the southeast and bounded by the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden in the east. The city of Djibouti (11 35 N, 43 09 E) is the capital of Djibouti. The armed force of the country is composed of the Navy and Air Force.
HISTORY:- Able people from Arabia migrated in the land of Djibouti. The Afars settled in the region followed by Somali Issas in the 825. In 1843 the French occupied the land through treaties with the Somali sultans and controlled the land until 1886. The inhabitants voted to retain French rule in 1958 and 1967. The nation was renamed as the Territory of the Afars and Issas in 1967. In 1977 on 27th June France declared Djibouti as an independent country. The conflict between the Afars and the Issa government led to a menace. President Hassan Gouled Aptidon wass replaced in 1999 and Ismail Omar Guelleh became the newly elected President.
GEOGRAPHY:- Djibouti is located at 11 30 N, 43 00 E in the Eastern Africa. The country captures total 22,980 sq km land area and 20 sq km water area. The coastline is 314 km long bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea. The lowest point is Lac Assal (-155 m) and the highest point is Moussa Ali (2,028 m). The land is formed of coastal plains, scattered plateaus separated by central mountains and stony desert.
CLIMATE:- The climate of Djibouti is desert; torrid and dry.
GOVERNMENT:- Djibouti is a republic. One party system is predominant. The constitution was adopted on 4th September 1992 by a referendum. The legal system is based on the French civil codes, traditional practices, and Islamic law. The government has distributed the duties among three major branches:
Executive branch consists of the President (chief of state), the Prime minister (head of government), and cabinet. The Prime minister is appointed by the President. The council of ministers is answerable to the President.
Legislative branch comprises the unicameral Chamber of Deputies (65 seats).
Judicial branch comprises the Supreme Court.
Major political parties include the People's Rally for Progress (RPP), New Democratic Party (PRD), the National Democratic Party (PND), and the Front For The Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD). Other parties are Djibouti Development Party (PDD), Peoples Social Democratic Party (PPSD), Republican Alliance for Democracy (ARD), Union for Democracy and Justice (UDJ), Movement for Democratic Renewal (MRD).
Suffrage is universal at 18.
Executive branch consists of the President (chief of state), the Prime minister (head of government), and cabinet. The Prime minister is appointed by the President. The council of ministers is answerable to the President.
Legislative branch comprises the unicameral Chamber of Deputies (65 seats).
Judicial branch comprises the Supreme Court.
Major political parties include the People's Rally for Progress (RPP), New Democratic Party (PRD), the National Democratic Party (PND), and the Front For The Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD). Other parties are Djibouti Development Party (PDD), Peoples Social Democratic Party (PPSD), Republican Alliance for Democracy (ARD), Union for Democracy and Justice (UDJ), Movement for Democratic Renewal (MRD).
Suffrage is universal at 18.
President Ismail Omar Guelleh
Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita
Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS:- The nation is divided into 5 regions and 1 city: Djibouti.
The regions are: Ali Sabieh, Arta, Dikhil, Obock, Tadjourah.
The regions are again sub-divided into 11 districts.
The regions are: Ali Sabieh, Arta, Dikhil, Obock, Tadjourah.
The regions are again sub-divided into 11 districts.
CULTURE:- French and Islamic influences are prominent in the buildings of Djibouti. The Afar and the Somalis constitute the Djiboutian population. Afar music is influenced by the music of Ethiopia. The tanbura, a bowl lyre are popular musical instruments of Djibouti. Waberi Abdourahman, Mouna-Hodan Ahmed, Emily McInnis are the notable writers of the country. Djiboutian men wear loosely wrapped clothing coupled with a cotton robe over the shoulder and married women cover their head while unmarried women do not cover up their heads.
ECONOMY:- The economy of Djibouti is mostly based on service sector. Agriculture has been handicapped by poor rainfall.
GDP/PPP (2006 est.): $1.878 billion; per capita $1,000.
GDP/PPP (2006 est.): $1.878 billion; per capita $1,000.
Real growth rate: 3.5%.
Inflation: 3%.
Unemployment: 59% in urban areas, 83% in rural areas (2007 est.).
Arable land: 0.04%.
Agriculture: fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels, animal hides.
Labor force: 282,000 (2000).
Industries: construction, agricultural processing, salt.
Natural resources: geothermal areas, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum.
Budget:
Revenues: $135 million
Expenditures: $182 million (1999 est.)
Revenues: $135 million
Expenditures: $182 million (1999 est.)
Debt - external: $428 million (2006)
Exports: $340 million f.o.b. (2006 est.): reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit).
Exports - partners: Somalia 66.3%, Ethiopia 21.4%, Yemen 3.4% (2006)
Imports: $1.555 billion f.o.b. (2006): foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products.
Imports - partners: Saudi Arabia 21.4%, India 17.9%, China 11%, Ethiopia 4.6% (2006)
Major trading partners: Somalia, Yemen, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, India, China (2006).
Monetary unit: Djibouti franc
LANGUAGE:- French and Arabic both are official languages, while Somali, Afar are also widely spoken.
CITIES:- The capital Djibouti is the largest city. Other large cities are Dikhil, Arta, Ali-Sabieh, Obock and Tadjoura.
POPULATION:- The estimated population is 496,374 with an average growth rate of 2.0%.
Density per sq mi: 58
Literacy rate: 68% (2003 est.)
Density per sq mi: 58
Literacy rate: 68% (2003 est.)
RACE:-
Somali 60%
Afar 35%
Other including French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%
Somali 60%
Afar 35%
Other including French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%
RELIGION:-
Islam 94%
Christian 6%
Islam 94%
Christian 6%
HEALTH:-
Birth rate: 38.61 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate: 19.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 99.13 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 43.31 years
Total fertility rate: 5.14 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 690 (2003 est.)
Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl $, 2005): 97
Birth rate: 38.61 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate: 19.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 99.13 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 43.31 years
Total fertility rate: 5.14 children born/woman (2008 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 690 (2003 est.)
Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl $, 2005): 97
UNICEF:- To improve health, UNICEF tries to increase parents’ awareness on child development, nutrition and protection; covers 100% polio vaccination; promotes maternal healthcare, education and communication. To enhance education system, UNICEF tries to increase school enrolment, and to decrease gender discrimination in all spheres of society. UNICEF trains teachers, principals and inspectors. To fight HIV, UNICEF takes two fold agenda- 1. to increase the awareness on HIV amongst youth and 2. to prevent mother-child transmission through the project of PMTCT. Safe Motherhood project, the Development and Disparity Reduction programme through girls' education and IECD are promoted to protect women and children rights. UNICEF works with several NGOs and the Ministry of Health for community development. The African Development Bank, United Nations Popilation Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Health Organization (WHO) also assist UNICEF in its programmes and projects.
TRANSPORTATION:-
Railways: total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad) (2006). Highways: total: 2,890 km; paved: 364 km; unpaved: 2,526 km (1999 est.).
Waterways: none.
Ports and harbors: Djibouti.
Airports: 13 (2007).
Railways: total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad) (2006). Highways: total: 2,890 km; paved: 364 km; unpaved: 2,526 km (1999 est.).
Waterways: none.
Ports and harbors: Djibouti.
Airports: 13 (2007).
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